There are about 30 species and many cultivars of the short-lived Alder. Most of these deciduous trees like colder climates and moist or wet soils along streams and ponds. Use in grove plantings or as single, multi-trunked trees. Spring flowers are followed by toothed leaves and cone-like fruits. Roots can be shallow and invasive. They grow rapidly in infertile and poorly drained soils. Prune in winter to remove dead or damaged limbs.
The leaves of this coarse shrub or small tree are somewhat wrinkled and dull dark green. Their undersides are pale green with rusty red hairs.